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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Capacities01:24

Respiratory Capacities

Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles01:30

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration can...
Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles01:21

Mechanism of Breathing III: The Accessory Muscles

The Role of Accessory Muscles in the Respiratory System
The respiratory system is a complex network that relies on primary respiratory muscles like the diaphragm, but also involves accessory muscles to enhance lung expansion and airflow during both inhalation and exhalation.
Enhancing Inhalation with Accessory Muscles:
Accessory muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, intercostal, and abdominal muscles are crucial when additional respiratory effort is required, such as during deep...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
09:37

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: July 19, 2013

Respiratory Muscle Performance and Pulmonary Function in Sarcopenic and Non-Sarcopenic Patients with Multiple

Tuba Kolayli Çerezci1,2, Filiz Eyüboğlu1, Şahika Ocak3

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Uskudar University, Istanbul 34662, Türkiye.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Sarcopenia is linked to reduced respiratory muscle endurance and capacity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Assessing respiratory muscle endurance may help identify MS patients needing further respiratory evaluation.

Keywords:
multiple sclerosisphysiotherapyrespiratory functionrespiratory muscle endurancesarcopenia

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Repeated Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Activity and Ventilation in Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease
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Repeated Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Activity and Ventilation in Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease

Published on: April 17, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
09:37

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: July 19, 2013

Repeated Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Activity and Ventilation in Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease
09:24

Repeated Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Activity and Ventilation in Mouse Models of Neuromuscular Disease

Published on: April 17, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pulmonology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Respiratory muscle dysfunction is a known complication of multiple sclerosis (MS), potentially worsening functional decline.
  • Neurologically-induced sarcopenia may further compromise respiratory muscle performance in MS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between sarcopenia and respiratory function, strength, and endurance in MS patients.
  • To determine if sarcopenia impacts key respiratory metrics in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional observational study involving 52 MS patients (26 sarcopenic, 26 non-sarcopenic).
  • Sarcopenia assessment included SARC-F, handgrip strength, bioelectrical impedance, calf circumference, and 6-m walk test.
  • Respiratory function evaluated via spirometry, maximal inspiratory/expiratory pressures (MIP/MEP), and a constant-load endurance test.

Main Results:

  • Sarcopenic MS patients exhibited significantly lower respiratory muscle endurance, inspiratory volume, and forced vital capacity.
  • These differences remained significant after adjusting for age and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).
  • No significant differences were found in maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP/MEP) between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Sarcopenia is associated with diminished respiratory muscle endurance and capacity in MS.
  • Respiratory muscle endurance assessment can aid in identifying sarcopenic MS patients requiring respiratory evaluation.
  • Integrating respiratory muscle endurance testing into routine care and rehabilitation may benefit sarcopenic MS patients.