Multidisciplinary Management of Emergency Neurosurgery for Intracerebral Hemorrhage During Pregnancy: A Case Report

Background: Acute neurosurgical emergencies during pregnancy are rare but pose significant challenges due to the need for simultaneous management of two interdependent patients. Evidence remains limited, and standardized multidisciplinary protocols are lacking. Case Presentation: A 38-year-old woman at 32 + 4 weeks of gestation presented with acute left hemiparesis secondary to right capsulo-insular intracerebral hemorrhage with mass effect. Following initial conservative management, neurological deterioration and hematoma expansion necessitated emergency craniotomy. A structured multidisciplinary approach was implemented involving neurosurgery, anesthesiology, obstetrics, and neonatology, with predefined roles, continuous intraoperative fetal monitoring, and readiness for emergency cesarean delivery. Anesthetic management balanced maternal neuroprotection with preservation of uteroplacental perfusion. Surgery was completed without fetal compromise. The patient demonstrated neurological improvement and was transferred on postoperative day 13. Elective cesarean delivery was performed at 36 weeks. Conclusions: This case illustrates that emergency neurosurgery during pregnancy may be feasible in selected settings when supported by structured multidisciplinary coordination. Key practical elements included continuous fetal monitoring, predefined team roles, and immediate availability of obstetric and neonatal support. In this individual case, these components facilitated intraoperative decision-making and were associated with favorable maternal and fetal outcomes; however, their individual contribution cannot be determined from a single clinical experience. Further evidence is needed to assess the applicability of this approach across different clinical scenarios.