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Updated: Jun 13, 2026
08:38
Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
Published on: November 8, 2015
Tacrolimus-Associated Adverse Effects After Liver Transplantation: A Narrative Review
Nikola Bakovic1, Ivana Pantic1, Ivana Vasiljevic1
1Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 12, 2026
Summary
Tacrolimus prevents liver transplant rejection but causes side effects like infections and kidney issues. Careful patient monitoring is key to managing tacrolimus adverse effects and ensuring treatment success.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
- Transplantation Medicine
Background:
- Tacrolimus is a primary immunosuppressant post-liver transplant.
- It effectively prevents allograft rejection but carries significant adverse effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review clinically relevant adverse effects of tacrolimus in liver transplant recipients.
- Focus on mechanisms, presentation, incidence, and clinical significance.
Main Methods:
- Searched PubMed and Medline databases (2016-2026).
- Included various study types: RCTs, cohort studies, reviews, case reports.
Main Results:
- Early: acute nephrotoxicity, infections (bacterial, fungal), neurotoxicity.
- Long-term: malignancies, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease.
- Incidence varies; dose influences acute toxicity, long-term effects occur regardless of dose.
Conclusions:
- Consistent patient monitoring is essential.
- Aims to maximize therapeutic benefits and minimize tacrolimus-related risks.
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