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Multimodal EEG-MRI Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia-A Systematic and Mechanistic Review
James Chmiel1, Marta Kopańska2
1Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Al. Piastów 40B Block 6, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 12, 2026
Summary
Multimodal EEG-MRI studies reveal schizophrenia involves disrupted brain network coupling, not just isolated EEG or MRI changes. This approach offers a more comprehensive understanding of the disorder's neural underpinnings.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Schizophrenia exhibits widespread electrophysiological and network abnormalities.
- Unimodal EEG or MRI alone cannot fully explain the interplay between neural computation and circuit dysfunction.
- Multimodal EEG-MRI approaches integrate temporal and anatomical data by modeling cross-modal coupling.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review human studies combining EEG with MRI modalities (fMRI, sMRI, DTI) for schizophrenia research.
- To identify reproducible multimodal EEG-MRI signatures of schizophrenia.
- To assess the potential of integrated EEG-MRI data for improved diagnostic discrimination.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
- Inclusion of studies comparing schizophrenia-spectrum groups with healthy controls using integrated EEG-MRI.
- Narrative synthesis of results based on integration families due to study heterogeneity.
Main Results:
- Disrupted coupling between electrophysiological markers and large-scale network recruitment is a consistent multimodal signature.
- Auditory processing tasks show reduced late ERPs (P300) and altered coupling to salience/attention networks.
- Resting-state studies reveal abnormal 'coupling rules' (frequency, timing, directionality), sometimes detectable when unimodal data is weak.
Conclusions:
- Multimodal EEG-MRI supports schizophrenia as a disorder with persistent structural and circuit abnormalities.
- Functional expression of these abnormalities varies dynamically with cognitive states and task demands.
- Future research requires harmonized acquisition, larger diverse samples, and replication of coupling biomarkers.
