Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026
08:05
Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane
Published on: December 9, 2022
Development of a Peripheral Venous Catheter-Associated Phlebitis Risk Scale: A Methodological Study
Soner Berşe1, Nuran Tosun2, Betül Tosun3
1Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27310, Türkiye.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 12, 2026
Summary
A new risk assessment scale accurately identifies patients prone to peripheral venous catheter (PVC)-associated phlebitis. This validated tool aids in early detection and targeted prevention strategies for improved patient care.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Research
- Medical Device Safety
- Clinical Assessment Tools
Background:
- Peripheral venous catheter (PVC)-associated phlebitis is a common complication.
- Early identification of patients at risk is crucial for effective prevention.
- Existing assessment tools may lack multidimensionality or comprehensive validation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a multidimensional risk assessment scale for PVC-associated phlebitis.
- To evaluate the psychometric properties of the developed scale.
- To provide a reliable instrument for clinical practice to identify high-risk patients.
Main Methods:
- Methodological study with two phases: scale development and clinical application.
- Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA/CFA) used for scale validation.
- Reliability assessed via Kuder-Richardson 20 (KR-20); discriminative performance by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Main Results:
- A 14-item, three-factor scale (Individual, Chemical, Mechanical domains) was confirmed.
- The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency (KR-20 = 0.823) and high discriminative accuracy (AUC = 0.898).
- Optimal cut-off score of 20.5 showed 87% sensitivity and 91% specificity; significant correlation with INS Phlebitis Scale (r = 0.794).
Conclusions:
- The Risk Assessment Scale for PVC-Associated Phlebitis is a valid and reliable instrument.
- The scale possesses strong psychometric properties for clinical use.
- Enables early identification of high-risk patients, supporting targeted preventive strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation
Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
01:26Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management
The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses, temperature changes,...
01:29Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
01:20Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
01:29Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
01:27Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition
Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
PN can be administered through two primary routes:
1. Central Parenteral Nutrition (CPN):
CPN involves delivering a high concentration of nutrients through a large vein. This is typically achieved using a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) or,...
PN can be administered through two primary routes:
1. Central Parenteral Nutrition (CPN):
CPN involves delivering a high concentration of nutrients through a large vein. This is typically achieved using a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) or,...