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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care
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Longitudinal Cognitive Assessment After CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Evlampia Strongyli1, Anna Papakonstantinou2, Christos Demosthenous1

  • 1Endothelial Injury Excellence Centre, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Cancers
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive dysfunction is a concern in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. Simple cognitive tests showed no significant overall changes post-infusion, but early impairment and age were linked to initial issues.

Keywords:
CAR-T cell therapyMontreal cognitive assessmentcytokine release syndromeimmune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndromemini-mental state examinationneurotoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cognitive dysfunction is an emerging concern in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy.
  • Longitudinal data using simple, clinically applicable tools for cognitive assessment in CAR-T recipients are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally evaluate cognitive function in patients undergoing CAR-T therapy using standard assessments.
  • To identify factors associated with early post-infusion cognitive dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study of 36 adult hematologic malignancy patients treated with CAR-T therapy.
  • Cognitive function assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline, 6 hours, 3 months, and 6 months post-infusion.
  • Cognitive impairment defined by MoCA scores ≤ 25 and/or MMSE scores ≤ 23.

Main Results:

  • 33.3% of patients had cognitive impairment at baseline.
  • Early post-infusion cognitive dysfunction was associated with baseline impairment and older age.
  • No significant overall changes in cognitive status or test scores were observed at 3 and 6 months, though specific domains showed variation.

Conclusions:

  • Simple cognitive assessments are valuable for longitudinal monitoring in CAR-T recipients.
  • While overall cognitive status may stabilize, specific cognitive domains can fluctuate over time.
  • Identifying patients at risk for early cognitive dysfunction is crucial for management.