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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
08:55

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Genetic Variability in the IGF-1 Axis Modulates Cancer-Associated Cachexia and Prognosis.

Mariana Moreira Pires1,2, Inês Guerra de Melo2,3, Ana Carolina Leão Silva1,2

  • 1Faculty of Medicine (FMUP), University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.

Cancers
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variants in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway may predict cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) risk and survival outcomes. Specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed potential associations in exploratory analyses, requiring further validation.

Keywords:
IGF-1biomarkerscachexianeoplasmspolymorphism, single-nucleotide

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
08:55

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Oncology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) involves complex metabolic and inflammatory dysregulation.
  • The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway plays a crucial role in muscle mass, metabolism, and inflammation.
  • Investigating genetic variations within the IGF-1 axis is vital for understanding CAC pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between five IGF-1 axis-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of developing CAC.
  • To assess the impact of these SNPs on overall survival (OS) in cancer patients, including those with pre-cachexia and cachexia.
  • To explore potential predictive roles of these genetic variants in CAC onset and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of five specific SNPs within the IGF1, IGF1R, GHR, and IRS1 genes in a cohort of 140 cancer patients.
  • Statistical analysis to determine the impact of these SNPs on CAC onset and overall survival (OS).
  • Exploratory subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate associations in specific patient demographics and clinical profiles.

Main Results:

  • Overall cohort analyses did not yield statistically significant results.
  • Exploratory findings suggested potential links between IGF1 rs6220 GG and GHR rs6873545 CC genotypes and increased CAC risk in males.
  • Specific IGF-1 axis SNPs showed differential associations with OS in various patient subgroups, with some alleles linked to longer survival and others to poorer outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • IGF-1 axis-related genetic variants exhibit functional heterogeneity, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for CAC.
  • The study identified specific SNPs with potential associations with CAC risk and survival, particularly in subgroup analyses.
  • Further validation in larger patient cohorts is necessary to confirm these exploratory findings and their clinical utility.