Basic and Clinical Evidence for Perioperative Immunotherapy in Resectable HNSCC
Shota Sakaue1, Michihisa Kono1, Takumi Kumai1,2
1Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
Cancers
|June 12, 2026
Summary
Perioperative immunotherapy shows promise for resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). While neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies differ, recent trials support integrating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for improved outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Surgical Oncology
Background:
- Perioperative immunotherapy is a novel approach for resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
- The biological basis, clinical efficacy, and optimal use of this strategy require further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current literature on perioperative immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in resectable HNSCC.
- To analyze the immunological effects of surgery, lymph nodes, and treatment timing.
Main Methods:
- Narrative literature review.
- Integration of preclinical and clinical evidence.
- Focus on immunological impact and treatment sequencing.
Main Results:
- Neoadjuvant immunotherapy primes T-cells and forms immune memory; adjuvant immunotherapy targets residual disease.
- Early trials confirm safety and pathological responses to perioperative ICIs.
- Phase III trials (KEYNOTE-689, NIVOPOSTOP) demonstrate improved event-free survival and outcomes in select HNSCC patients.
Conclusions:
- Perioperative immunotherapy is a viable strategy for resectable HNSCC.
- Further research is needed for patient selection, biomarker development, and treatment sequencing.
Keywords:
KEYNOTE-689NIVOPOSTOPPD-1head and neck squamous cell carcinomaimmune checkpoint inhibitorperioperative immunotherapy
