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Tuberculosis in Pregnancy: An Updated Narrative Review.

Carolina Longo1, Karina Felippe Monezi Pontes1, Marina Matos de Moura Faíco1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine-Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tuberculosis in pregnant women poses significant health risks. This review highlights diagnostic challenges, maternal-fetal complications, and current management strategies for tuberculosis during pregnancy.

Keywords:
chest radiographycomputed tomographydiagnosismaternal outcomesneonatal tuberculosispregnancytuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat, disproportionately impacting women of reproductive age.
  • Pregnancy complicates TB diagnosis and management due to physiological changes, potentially leading to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated, clinically focused review of tuberculosis in pregnancy.
  • To emphasize diagnostic challenges, imaging, microbiological testing, complications, and therapeutic management.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of current evidence and international recommendations.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools including symptom screening, TST, IGRA, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, MTB/RIF Ultra, and imaging (CXR, CT).

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy can mask TB symptoms, delaying diagnosis and increasing risks.
  • TB impacts pregnancy outcomes (prematurity, low birth weight) and neonatal health.
  • HIV coinfection and multidrug-resistant TB present unique management challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Effective diagnostic algorithms and management strategies are crucial for improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.
  • Addressing evidence gaps and prioritizing research are essential for TB care in pregnant populations.
  • Current evidence and recommendations guide treatment, prevention, and neonatal care.