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Development and Optimization of Ferrochrome Production Using Pre-Reduced Chromite Pellets
Yerbolat Makhambetov1, Ainash Akmanova2, Armat Zhakan1
1Chemical-Metallurgical Institute Named After Zh. Abishev, Karaganda 100030, Kazakhstan.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 12, 2026
Summary
This study demonstrates energy-efficient production of high-carbon ferrochrome (HCFeCr) using pre-reduced chromite pellets. Pre-reduction roasting significantly enhances chromium metallization and recovery, lowering energy consumption for industrial applications.
Area of Science:
- Metallurgical Engineering
- Materials Science
Background:
- High-carbon ferrochrome (HCFeCr) production is energy-intensive.
- Optimizing chromite ore utilization is crucial for efficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate HCFeCr production using pre-reduced chromite pellets.
- To evaluate the impact of reduction roasting on chromite metallization and subsequent smelting.
Main Methods:
- Pelletization of chromite ore with semicoke and bentonite.
- Reduction roasting of pellets at 1400 °C for varying durations.
- Smelting of pre-reduced pellets in an ore-thermal furnace.
- Chemical and microstructural analysis (SEM) of products.
Main Results:
- Roasting time increased chromite reduction and chromium metallization, reaching 43.93% after 3 hours.
- Pre-reduced pellets enabled stable furnace operation with high chromium recovery (92.17%).
- Produced HCFeCr contained 68.92% Cr, 1.54% Si, and 7.11% C.
- Experimental smelting energy consumption was 4648.1 kWh/t, projected to be 3132.76 kWh/t industrially.
Conclusions:
- Pre-reduced chromite pellets offer a viable route for energy-efficient HCFeCr production.
- Optimized roasting parameters enhance chromium metallization and recovery.
- The process demonstrates potential for reducing energy consumption in ferrochrome manufacturing.
Keywords:
chromite pelletsdegree of metallizationenergy efficiencyhigh-carbon ferrochromepre-reductionrotary kilnsemi-cokeMore Related Videos
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