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Related Concept Videos

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Assessment of the Metabolic Effects of Isocaloric 2:1 Intermittent Fasting in Mice
08:06

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Published on: November 27, 2019

The Effects of Continuous vs. Intermittent Caloric Restriction on Fat Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Kelly E Johnson1, Briana Curran1, Sydney Roberson1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC 29528, USA.

Nutrients
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Both continuous caloric restriction (CCR) and diet refeeds/breaks (DRF) reduced body fat in women with obesity. Diet breaks showed a trend toward preserving fat-free mass, warranting further investigation for sustainable weight management.

Keywords:
body compositionfat massfat-free massobesityweight loss

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Obesity Research
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Obesity management is challenging due to physiological adaptations to energy restriction, including metabolic rate reduction and fat-free mass loss.
  • Sustainable dietary strategies are needed to maintain favorable body composition and long-term adherence.
  • This study compares continuous caloric restriction (CCR) with intermittent diet refeeds and breaks (DRF) for obesity treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of continuous caloric restriction (CCR) versus an intermittent diet refeeds and breaks (DRF) approach on body composition in adult women with obesity.
  • To evaluate changes in body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat-free mass between the two dietary strategies over 12 weeks.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty adult females (BMI 30-45 kg·m⁻²) were randomized to 12 weeks of CCR or DRF after a 2-week maintenance phase.
  • Both groups received a 25% caloric deficit and 1.2 g·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹ protein intake.
  • Body composition was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography at baseline and post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • Both CCR and DRF significantly reduced body fat percentage and fat mass, with no significant group differences.
  • Fat-free mass increased over time in both groups, with a trend favoring DRF for better preservation/accrual.
  • The CCR group achieved a significantly greater daily energy deficit than the DRF group.

Conclusions:

  • Both dietary strategies are effective for reducing fat mass in women with obesity.
  • Incorporating diet breaks (DRF) may offer a trend towards better fat-free mass preservation without hindering fat loss.
  • Larger, powered trials are needed to confirm the potential benefits of DRF for metabolic adaptation and practical advantages in obesity management.