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1,5-Anhydro-D-Mannitol Is a Potentially Low-Energy Carbohydrate: A Dual-Model Approach in Rats and a Randomized,

Kenichi Tanabe1,2, Ikuma Tanaka2, Hiromi Hayashi3

  • 1Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan.

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|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (AM) is absorbed but poorly metabolized, showing low gut microbiota fermentation. This suggests AM is a potential low-energy carbohydrate source.

Keywords:
1,5-anhydro-D-mannitolbioavailabilitybreath hydrogen gascrossover studygut fermentationurinary excretion

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Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate metabolism
  • Human and animal physiology
  • Gut microbiome interactions

Background:

  • Orally ingested 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (AM) absorption and metabolism are not fully understood.
  • Investigating AM's fermentability by gut microbiota is crucial for its application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the absorption, metabolism, and gut microbiota fermentability of orally ingested 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (AM).
  • To determine if AM can be considered a low-energy carbohydrate.

Main Methods:

  • Dual-model approach using Wistar rats and a randomized, three-way crossover trial in 15 healthy adults.
  • Administered 5 g of AM, mannose, or fructooligosaccharide (FOS) orally.
  • Measured breath hydrogen concentrations, plasma AM, blood glucose, and urinary AM excretion.

Main Results:

  • Ingested 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (AM) showed significantly lower breath hydrogen excretion compared to fructooligosaccharide (FOS) (p < 0.05).
  • Plasma AM peaked at 1 hour, blood glucose remained unchanged, and ~30% of ingested AM was excreted unchanged in urine within 24 hours.
  • Animal studies corroborated human findings, with minimal fecal excretion (~1%) of AM in rats.

Conclusions:

  • 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (AM) is absorbed but poorly metabolized and has low fermentability by gut microbiota.
  • These characteristics suggest that AM is a potential low-energy carbohydrate.