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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Film Extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/Wheat Gluten Blends
06:51

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Published on: January 17, 2017

Processing-Dependent Incorporation of Food By-Product Extract into Zein-Based Active Packaging Films.

Chiara Bufalini1, Junyang Li1, Emanuela Drago1

  • 1Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia, 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy.

Polymers
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Valorizing agri-food waste into active packaging is sustainable. Zein-based films incorporated spent coffee ground extract using casting, while tomato waste extract required electrospinning, impacting film properties differently.

Keywords:
active food packagingbio-based packagingdoctor blade-assisted castingelectrospinningnatural antioxidant extractnon-conventional extraction techniqueswaste valorization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Agri-food by-products offer a sustainable source for antioxidant compounds.
  • Incorporating natural extracts into biopolymer films for active packaging requires careful consideration of extract-film compatibility.
  • Zein, a corn protein, is a promising biopolymer for active packaging applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of extract type (spent coffee grounds vs. tomato waste) and processing technique (casting vs. electrospinning) on zein-based film properties.
  • To evaluate the morphology, wettability, thickness, and mechanical characteristics of the developed active films.
  • To establish guidelines for producing sustainable active packaging from valorized agri-food waste.

Main Methods:

  • Antioxidant extracts were obtained from spent coffee grounds and tomato waste.
  • Zein-based films were prepared using casting and electrospinning techniques.
  • Films incorporated with extracts were characterized for morphology, wettability, thickness, and mechanical properties (Young's modulus, tensile strength).

Main Results:

  • Spent coffee ground extract formed homogeneous, compact cast films, increasing wettability and stiffness (Young's modulus up to 695 MPa).
  • Tomato waste extract did not form homogeneous cast films, necessitating electrospinning to achieve uniform fibrous structures.
  • Electrospun films with tomato waste extract showed lower tensile strength due to porous fibrous morphology but yielded uniform fibers.

Conclusions:

  • Extract chemistry significantly influences the compatibility with film-forming techniques, dictating processing suitability.
  • Processing technique selection is critical for successful incorporation of agri-food waste extracts into zein-based active packaging.
  • This study provides insights for designing sustainable active packaging systems by valorizing agri-food waste.