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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Relative Stabilities of Alkenes01:59

Relative Stabilities of Alkenes

The relative stability of alkenes can be determined by comparing their heats of hydrogenation. The lower heat of hydrogenation indicates the more stable alkene.  The three main factors determining the relative stability of alkenes are i) the number of substituents attached to the double-bond carbon atoms, ii) hyperconjugation, and iii) the stereochemistry of the double bond.
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Predicting Catalyst Extrudate Breakage Based on the Modulus of Rupture
09:53

Predicting Catalyst Extrudate Breakage Based on the Modulus of Rupture

Published on: May 13, 2018

Structural Stability of AM/AMPS/AMB Terpolymers Under Simulated Extreme Oilfield Conditions.

Peng Xue1,2, Jingxing Wang3, Junwei Fang1,2

  • 1Northwest Petroleum Branch, Sinopec, Urumqi 830011, China.

Polymers
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel terpolymer gel plugging agent was developed using computational and experimental methods for extreme oilfield conditions. This advanced material enhances water management in high-temperature, high-salinity reservoirs.

Keywords:
AM/AMPS/AMB copolymercomputational designhigh-temperature and high-salinity gel blockermolecular dynamics simulationoilfield chemistry

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Petroleum Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Water management in high-temperature, high-salinity oilfield reservoirs presents significant operational challenges.
  • Conventional polymer gels lack the necessary thermal stability and salt tolerance for extreme environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rationally design a novel terpolymer gel plugging agent for extreme oilfield conditions.
  • To improve water management and operational efficiency in challenging reservoirs like the Tahe Oilfield.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated computational-experimental platform combining Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • DFT calculations to screen fourteen functional monomers for optimal properties.
  • Experimental validation of the designed terpolymer gel (Acrylamide/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid/sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate).

Main Results:

  • Identified sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate (AMB) as an optimal monomer for enhanced hydrogen bonding and crosslinked architecture stabilization.
  • Computational pre-screening reduced experimental iterations by over 60%.
  • Optimized terpolymer showed a 40% increase in storage modulus, 25% improved thermal stability, and over 92% plugging efficiency in core flooding tests.

Conclusions:

  • The developed AM/AMPS/AMB terpolymer gel is highly effective for water management in extreme high-temperature and high-salinity oilfield conditions.
  • The integrated computational-experimental approach significantly accelerates the development of advanced plugging agents.
  • This technology offers a viable solution for enhancing oilfield operations in challenging reservoirs.