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Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation III: AED Use

Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...

Special considerations while measuring pulse

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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult

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Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is a life-saving emergency procedure performed when a person's heart has stopped beating or they are no longer breathing. The foundation of CPR is Basic Life Support (BLS), which focuses on the early recognition of cardiac arrest, the immediate start of high-quality chest compressions, and the timely use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).Assessing Responsiveness and Checking the Carotid PulseWhen approaching an unresponsive person, first ensure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System

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A Real-Time Digital Twin Synchronization Framework for Multi-Sensor Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Measurement.

Kai-Chao Yao¹, Feng-Yu Lin¹, Sumei Chiang¹

¹Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, College of Technology, National Changhua University of Education, Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 12, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a digital twin CPR system for real-time monitoring. It enhances CPR training accuracy and robustness using multi-sensor fusion and digital twin visualization.

Keywords:

CPR compression measurement IoT sensing LabVIEW digital twin multi-sensor integration real-time feedback

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Ultrasonographic Assessment During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

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Published on: October 24, 2020

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Digital Health
Wearable Technology

Background:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality is critical for patient outcomes.
Real-time feedback systems for CPR training are essential for skill improvement.
Existing CPR monitoring systems often lack accuracy and robustness.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a digital twin-based CPR compression measurement system (DTCMS) architecture.
To enable real-time monitoring and biomechanical analysis of CPR compressions.
To enhance CPR training through synchronized physical-virtual interaction.

Main Methods:

Integration of a load cell, inertial measurement unit (IMU), LabVIEW platform, and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) module.
Development of a calibration-aware sensor fusion framework for synchronizing heterogeneous signals.
Implementation of real-time data acquisition, latency-controlled transmission, and digital twin visualization.

Main Results:

High accuracy (R² > 0.99) and stable repeatability (CV < 3.5%) in CPR compression measurement.
Compression depth error maintained within ±1.5 mm.
Synchronization latency consistently below 0.2 seconds, demonstrating robust dynamic tracking.

Conclusions:

The proposed DTCMS architecture provides a robust solution for real-time biomechanical monitoring.
Calibration-aware multi-sensor fusion significantly improves synchronization stability and sensing robustness.
The digital twin-based system offers enhanced CPR training and interactive feedback.