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Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of Japanese Iris Necrotic Ring Virus Isolated from Narcissus spp. in Korea
Minseok Kim1,2, Minjoo Yang3, Jean Geung Min3
1School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
Abstract:
Metatranscriptome analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed on 75 Narcissus to investigate viral disease, leading to the detection of Japanese iris necrotic ring virus (JINRV, Betacarmovirus iridis). RT-PCR detected JINRV in 22 of 75 samples, all collected from Shinan, with a regional infection rate of 55.0% (22/40). The complete genome sequence of JINRV isolate SA36 was 4,060 nucleotides long and contained five open reading frames. Sequence analysis revealed that Narcissus-derived JINRV isolates shared 98.0-100% coat protein amino acid identity among themselves, and 71.9-91.5% with previously reported Iris-derived isolates. Sap inoculations showed that JINRV was mechanically transmitted to Cucurbita pepo. JINRV was exclusively detected in plants co-infected with other viruses, reflecting the complex mixed infection status prevalent in Narcissus. This study is expected to contribute to the quarantine of Narcissus bulbs and to the production of high-quality Narcissus in Korea.
Insights
Japanese iris necrotic ring virus (JINRV) was detected in Narcissus plants in Korea. This virus, found in mixed infections, can be mechanically transmitted to other plants.
Area of Science:
- Plant pathology
- Virology
- Molecular biology
Background:
- Viral diseases significantly impact Narcissus cultivation, affecting bulb quality and trade.
- Understanding viral pathogens in Narcissus is crucial for effective disease management and quarantine protocols.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and characterize viruses infecting Narcissus plants in Korea.
- To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of Japanese iris necrotic ring virus (JINRV) in Narcissus.
- To assess the transmission capabilities and infection patterns of JINRV.
Main Methods:
- Metatranscriptome analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were employed for viral detection.
- Full genome sequencing of the JINRV isolate SA36 was performed.
- Sequence analysis and comparative genomics were used to determine genetic relationships.
- Sap inoculation studies were conducted to assess mechanical transmission.
Main Results:
- JINRV was detected in 22 out of 75 Narcissus samples, primarily in Shinan, with a regional infection rate of 55.0%.
- The complete genome of JINRV isolate SA36 was sequenced (4,060 nucleotides) and found to contain five open reading frames.
- Narcissus-derived JINRV isolates showed high coat protein amino acid identity (98.0-100%) among themselves and varying identity with Iris-derived isolates.
- JINRV was mechanically transmitted to Cucurbita pepo and exclusively detected in plants with mixed viral infections.
Conclusions:
- JINRV is a significant viral pathogen affecting Narcissus in Korea, often occurring in complex mixed infections.
- The genetic data provides insights into JINRV evolution and its relationship with related viruses.
- Findings support the implementation of stricter quarantine measures for Narcissus bulbs and contribute to improving cultivation practices in Korea.
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