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Related Concept Videos

Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
Derivatives: Problem Solving01:26

Derivatives: Problem Solving

Temperature-Dependent Growth of Brook TroutThe growth of brook trout is closely influenced by water temperature. Experimental data demonstrate how trout weight changes over a 24-day period in response to varying water temperatures. At lower temperatures, such as 15.5 degrees Celsius, brook trout show significant weight gain. However, as the temperature increases, the amount of weight gained steadily decreases. At the highest temperature measured, 24.4 degrees Celsius, trout experience a net...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Requirements for Human Life01:26

Requirements for Human Life

The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...
Patterns of Fever01:26

Patterns of Fever

Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Determining Temperature Preference of Mosquitoes and Other Ectotherms
05:31

Determining Temperature Preference of Mosquitoes and Other Ectotherms

Published on: September 28, 2022

Beyond Temperature: Relative Humidity Systematically Shifts Juvenile Thermal Performance and Projected Population

Paul J Huxley1,2,3, Joel J Brown4, Brandyce St Laurent4

  • 1Department of Biology, University of York, UK.

Ecology Letters
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Relative humidity significantly impacts the life history of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi, altering its population growth response to temperature. Incorporating humidity is crucial for accurate climate suitability models.

Keywords:
Anopheles stephensiclimate suitabilityepidemiologyhumiditymalariamosquitopopulation growth ratetemperature dependencethermal performance curvevector‐borne diseases

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Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
07:54

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Determining Temperature Preference of Mosquitoes and Other Ectotherms
05:31

Determining Temperature Preference of Mosquitoes and Other Ectotherms

Published on: September 28, 2022

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
07:54

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Environmental Science
  • Vector-borne Disease Research

Background:

  • Organismal responses to environmental change are critical for public health, biodiversity, and food security.
  • Ectotherm abundance and distribution are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors affecting stage-specific life history traits.
  • Previous thermal performance frameworks have rarely included relative humidity, despite its potential influence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of relative humidity on the juvenile life history traits of Anopheles stephensi.
  • To integrate humidity-dependent trait responses into a population growth model to assess temperature-humidity interactions.
  • To evaluate how temperature-only models may misestimate environmental suitability for ectotherms.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure juvenile life history traits of Anopheles stephensi under varying relative humidity conditions.
  • An analytic maximal population growth rate (rm) model was developed, incorporating humidity-dependent juvenile trait responses.
  • Heuristic climate-suitability comparisons were performed to contrast temperature-only and temperature-humidity interaction models.

Main Results:

  • Relative humidity was found to alter juvenile life history trait responses in Anopheles stephensi.
  • Integrating these humidity-dependent traits shifted the projected temperature dependence of population growth.
  • Temperature-humidity interactions, acting through juvenile traits, can change predictions of environmental suitability compared to temperature-only models.

Conclusions:

  • Relative humidity is a significant factor that must be considered alongside temperature when modeling ectotherm responses to climate change.
  • Failure to incorporate humidity can lead to inaccurate assessments of environmental suitability and population dynamics.
  • This research underscores the need for more comprehensive trait-based thermal performance frameworks that include multiple environmental variables.