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A straightforward framework to harmonize computational pathology.

Amanda Dy1, Jochen K Lennerz2

  • 1Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Journal of Pathology Informatics
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
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Computational pathology dataset descriptions lack standardization, hindering research comparability. We propose a DICOM-aligned framework for clear, hierarchical reporting of clinical, lab, and digital data to improve AI in pathology.

Area of Science:

  • Computational pathology
  • Digital pathology
  • Medical informatics

Background:

  • Inconsistent terminology in computational pathology datasets conflates biological units, lab preparations, and digital data.
  • This ambiguity complicates data interpretation, limits cross-study comparability, and impacts claims on dataset scale and clinical relevance.
  • Existing foundation models show significant variability in reporting disease representation, necessitating a standardized framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a harmonization framework for computational pathology dataset descriptions.
  • To align dataset reporting with the DICOM hierarchical information model.
  • To enable transparent characterization, improve reproducibility, and facilitate clinical translation of AI in pathology.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
BiomarkerDICOMFoundation modelStandard

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Introduction of an Integrated Pathology Image Management, Artificial Intelligence, and Reporting System
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Published on: July 11, 2025

  • Review of widely cited foundation models in computational pathology.
  • Identification of variability in disease representation reporting.
  • Development of a hierarchical framework distinguishing clinical, lab, and digital domains.

Main Results:

  • Substantial variability observed in how disease representation is reported across foundation models.
  • A proposed framework that aligns with DICOM, distinguishing key data domains.
  • Recommendations for explicit reporting across hierarchical levels.

Conclusions:

  • Adoption of the proposed framework enables transparent dataset characterization in computational pathology.
  • Standardized terminology improves reproducibility and facilitates regulatory and clinical translation.
  • The framework offers an immediately implementable pathway towards harmonized reporting in AI-driven pathology research.