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Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up
09:01

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Exploring the Origin of Cells in the Progression of Primary Myelofibrosis to Acute Myeloid Leukemia Case Report

Philip Papayanis1, Kara Conroy2, Melissa Larson2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA, rush.edu.

Case Reports in Hematology
|June 12, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) can transform into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A patient

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Transplantation

Background:

  • Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) involves abnormal proliferation of common myeloid progenitor (CMP) cells.
  • The transformation of PMF to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the specific cell types involved remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular origin of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation in a patient with primary myelofibrosis (PMF).

Main Methods:

  • Case study of a patient with PMF undergoing major ABO incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHCT).
  • Monitoring of blood type changes and disease relapse post-transplant.

Main Results:

  • The patient experienced pure red cell aplasia, which resolved with blood type conversion to the donor's type.
  • Relapse with AML occurred 10 months post-alloHCT, with the blood type remaining the donor's.

Conclusions:

  • The AML relapse in this PMF patient likely originated from more committed myeloid progenitors (myeloblasts) rather than CMP.
  • This case provides insight into the cellular dynamics of PMF transformation to AML following alloHCT.
Keywords:
acute myelogenous leukemiacase reportcell lineageprimary myelofibrosis

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