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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

Assessment of the Mouth

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique

Published on: July 27, 2022

Forensic dentistry - Present and future.

Sonali Khatri¹, Sneha Masne Deshpande², Pawan Rebello³

¹Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Firozpur, Punjab, India.

|June 12, 2026

Summary

Forensic dentistry is advancing from manual methods to AI-driven digital diagnostics. This shift enhances human identification in legal and disaster cases using new technologies for accuracy and speed.

Keywords:

Forensic dentistry artificial intelligence (AI)machine learning (ML)

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Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Digital Forensics
Biotechnology

Background:

Forensic dentistry applies scientific principles to dental evidence for legal proceedings.
The field is evolving from traditional manual morphology to advanced digital diagnostics.
Technological integration is crucial for modernizing identification methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the transition in forensic dentistry towards digital diagnostics and advanced identification techniques.
To synthesize upcoming technological advancements (2024-2026) in the field.
To provide a roadmap for improving the objectivity and legal admissibility of dental evidence.

Main Methods:

Leveraging convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automated age estimation.
Utilizing DNA methylation for epigenetic profiling.
Exploring the Internet of Dental Things (IoDT) and 3D digital twinning via CBCT for identification.

Main Results:

AI-driven tools and molecular techniques offer enhanced speed and accuracy over traditional methods.
Digital diagnostics and 3D twinning provide immutable identification capabilities.
The study outlines a roadmap for integrating these technologies into forensic practice.

Conclusions:

Forensic dentistry is undergoing a pivotal shift from manual morphology to AI-driven digital diagnostics.
These advancements are critical for modernizing human identification in criminal and mass disaster investigations.
The integration of molecular and AI tools promises greater objectivity and legal admissibility for dental evidence.