Emerging burden of antimicrobial resistance in Indian hospitals: A review

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a critical global health concern, with a particularly high impact in countries like India. In hospital settings, increasing resistance among pathogens is reducing treatment effectiveness and is associated with greater morbidity, mortality, longer hospital stays and rising healthcare expenditure. Therefore, it is of interest to review (2020-2026) explores the current burden of AMR in India, highlighting resistance trends in common bacterial pathogens and drug-resistant tuberculosis, along with their clinical implications. Key factors driving this problem include inappropriate antibiotic use, easy over-the-counter access, limited diagnostic capacity, inadequate infection control and fragmented surveillance systems. Addressing AMR requires coordinated efforts through antimicrobial stewardship, stronger surveillance, stricter regulation of antibiotic use and improved infection prevention strategies.