Assessing root canal configuration of permanent mandibular incisors in Indian subjects using CBCT

Root canal morphology in mandibular incisors varies widely, complicating endodontic treatment. CBCT offers precise 3D visualization compared with conventional radiography. Therefore, it is of interest to assess root canal configurations in 1,744 permanent mandibular central/lateral incisors from Indian adults. Bifurcated roots occurred in 0.9% overall (0.2% males [n=2/944], 1.0% females [n=8/800]); Vertucci distributions showed no significant right/left or gender differences (p>0.05), through root numbers varied by age group (p< 0.05). Type I configurations predominated bilaterally, consistent with the Indian CBCT series, which reported 58-66% Type I and secondary complex types. This data help by confirming bilateral symmetry and low bifurcation (0.9%) in a large Indian cohort, guiding access preparation and microscopy use for missed canals.