Brain resting state functional connectivity changes with aerobic exercise, and mindfulness: A narrative review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cognitive Science
• Aging Research

Background:

• Brain's functional connectivity (rsFC) decreases with age, impacting cognitive and emotional regulation.
• Physical activity and mindfulness interventions are explored for their potential to preserve rsFC.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the existing literature on the effects of exercise, mindful movement, and mindfulness training on brain rsFC in adults.
• To summarize findings and identify factors influencing intervention outcomes on rsFC.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of studies examining multi-day exercise, mindfulness, or mindful movement interventions.
• Inclusion criteria: non-clinical adults, control groups, pre- and post-rsFC assessment.
• Analysis considered methodological factors like sample size, scan duration, and intervention details.

Main Results:

• Thirty studies were reviewed; most reported changes in rsFC within key brain networks (default mode, executive control, salience).
• However, the most rigorous study found minimal associations between rsFC and exercise or mindfulness.
• Variability in findings may stem from methodological differences.

Conclusions:

• Results on exercise and mindfulness effects on rsFC are inconsistent, requiring cautious interpretation.
• Methodological standardization in fMRI acquisition, data processing, and analysis is crucial for future research.
• Improved consistency will enhance reproducibility and allow for better comparison and aggregation of findings.