Congenital thyroid hemiagenesis associated with follicular neoplasm: a case report

Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the complete absence or underdevelopment of one thyroid lobe, resulting in the presence of only a single functional thyroid lobe. We present a unique case of a 34-year-old male patient who had congenital thyroid hemiagenesis and multi-nodular goiter. This case contributes to the existing medical literature by shedding light on the association between thyroid hemiagenesis and multi-nodular goiter. The patient experienced symptoms of right thyroid swelling and compression, and clinical examination revealed an enlarged right thyroid lobe with normal thyroid hormone and vitamin D3 levels. Ultrasound imaging showed an enlarged right lobe with multiple solid nodules, and fine needle aspiration cytology raised suspicion of a follicular neoplasm. Hemithyroidectomy confirmed the presence of a non-invasive follicular neoplasm. The case underscores the significance of comprehensive evaluation and surgical management in accurately diagnosing and treating thyroid hemiagenesis, which can be associated with many of thyroid disorders.