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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Controllable Nucleation of Cavitation from Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for Enhancing High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Applications

Controllable Nucleation of Cavitation from Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for Enhancing High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Applications

Published on: October 5, 2018

Visibly Transparent, Near-Infrared Absorbing Nanofluids Enable High-Efficiency and Safe Laser Lithotripsy.

Qingsong Fan¹, Junqin Chen², Arpit Mishra²

¹Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|June 12, 2026

Summary

A novel nanofluid irrigation strategy significantly enhances laser lithotripsy (LL) efficiency for urinary stone management. This approach improves stone ablation by over 200% while maintaining safety and endoscopic visibility.

Keywords:

Cavitation Ho:YAG laser ITO@SiO2 nanoparticles Laser lithotripsy Nanofluid Photothermal ablation Urinary stones

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: A New Approach for Nanoparticle's Mapping and Quantification in Organ Tissue

Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: A New Approach for Nanoparticle's Mapping and Quantification in Organ Tissue

Published on: June 18, 2014

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Urology

Background:

Laser lithotripsy (LL) is a primary treatment for urinary stones.
Optimizing LL efficiency and safety remains a clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel nanofluid irrigation strategy to enhance LL efficiency and safety.
To investigate the mechanism of enhanced ablation and thermal safety.

Main Methods:

Development of a visibly transparent, near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing Indium Tin Oxide/Silica (ITO@SiO2) nanofluid.
Spectrally matching nanofluid absorption with Holmium:YAG laser wavelength.
Evaluation of ablation efficiency in bench-top and hydrogel kidney models.
Assessment of thermal effects and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo (porcine models).

Main Results:

Ablation efficiency increased by >200% in spot treatments and >100% in a hydrogel kidney model.
Nanofluid enhanced photothermal/microexplosion effects and cavitation damage by modifying bubble dynamics.
Demonstrated a significant thermal safety margin (<35 °C) and acute biocompatibility in porcine models.
No thermal tissue injury was observed.

Conclusions:

The ITO@SiO2 nanofluid irrigation strategy significantly boosts LL efficiency safely.
This approach offers a translatable, effective platform for advanced endoscopic lithotripsy without pretreatment.
The strategy enhances stone ablation while ensuring procedural safety and visibility.