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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
The Representativeness Heuristic02:13

The Representativeness Heuristic

The representative heuristic describes a biased way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something. For example, you may assume that your professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with your stereotypes of professors.
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

Decision-making trades off learned and perceived information.

Tal Nahari1,2,3, Boaz Rosenberg4, Yoni Pertzov4

  • 1Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel.

PNAS Nexus
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Humans balance internal memory and external senses when deciding. Relying more on memory means gathering less sensory data, and vice versa, impacting decision-making strategies.

Keywords:
decision-makingeye trackinginformation gatheringvalue learning

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Decision-Making

Background:

  • Understanding how the brain integrates memory and perception is crucial for decision-making.
  • A key question is whether these information sources compete or complement each other.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the trade-off between internally stored learned information and externally perceived information during decision-making.
  • To determine if increased reliance on one information source leads to decreased use of the other.

Main Methods:

  • A two-armed bandit task was employed, with each option comprising learned and perceived elements.
  • Eye-tracking technology monitored participants' gathering of perceptual information.
  • A computational model was developed to analyze information gathering strategies.

Main Results:

  • A significant trade-off was observed between the utilization of learned and perceived information.
  • Increased reliance on learned information correlated with reduced perceptual information gathering, and vice versa.
  • Computational modeling indicated that faster access to learned information drives this trade-off.

Conclusions:

  • Human decision-making involves a dynamic interplay and trade-off between memory and perception.
  • The efficiency of accessing learned information influences the effort invested in gathering new perceptual data.
  • Individual differences in information source preference may represent stable cognitive traits.