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Examining Gesture Production in the Presence of Communication Challenges
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Published on: January 26, 2024

From Contact to Conversation: Protactile Language, Modality, and Community.

Deanna L Gagne1,2, Hayley Broadway2

  • 1Department of Linguistics, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC, USA.

Annual Review of Linguistics
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protactile language, a tactile communication system from the DeafBlind community, redefines language by centering touch and embodied interaction. This emerging language offers new insights into human communication and diverse sensory ecologies.

Keywords:
DeafBlindlanguage emergencepositionalityprotactiletactile modalitytypology

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Communication Studies
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Protactile language is a tactile communication system developed by the DeafBlind community in the US.
  • It emerged over the last two decades, challenging traditional views on language and communication modalities.
  • The language is rooted in a movement prioritizing touch as a valid epistemology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emergence and linguistic development of protactile language.
  • To highlight key structural innovations and ongoing research areas.
  • To discuss the reconfiguration of foundational linguistic concepts like phonology and interactional structure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and community-based research.
  • Analysis of linguistic structures grounded in contact space and reciprocity.
  • Examination of ethical considerations in studying emerging community languages.

Main Results:

  • Protactile language features distinct linguistic structures based on touch, contact space, and embodied intersubjectivity.
  • It reconfigures concepts such as phonology and interactional structure.
  • The study emphasizes the importance of collaborative and accountable research practices.

Conclusions:

  • Protactile language expands the understanding of human language by centering tactile experience and DeafBlind lived experiences.
  • It demonstrates how language emerges within diverse sensory and cultural ecologies.
  • Ethical research practices are crucial for studying community-based languages.