Acute and sub-acute toxicological studies on the ethanol leaf extract of Psidium guajava in experimental mice

Psidium guajava (guava) is an important medicinal plant used for gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, and inflammation, primarily due to its bioactive compounds including flavonoids and tannins. To ensure safety for human use, rigorous preclinical toxicity assessments are essential. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of ethanol extract of Psidium guajava (EEPG) by acute and subacute toxicity tests.

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 425 recommendations were used for the acute toxicity investigation in mice, while OECD 407 guidelines were used for the sub-acute toxicity study in mice. Mice were given oral doses of 2000 mg/kg/ body weight in the acute toxicity trial. They were then monitored individually for the first four hours, then for 24 hours, then at least once a day for 14 days. Ethanol extract of Psidium guajava (EEPG) was administered orally to male and female mice for 28 days at dosages of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg /body weight, respectively, in the subacute toxicity tests. Over the course of the experiment, general behavior, negative impacts, and mortality were noted. Hematological and biochemical markers, body weight, organ weight, and histopathological alterations were assessed.

in acute toxicity during the observation period, the mice examined showed no evidence of acute toxicity or mortality at the limit dosages of 2000 mg/kg/body weight. The findings of sub-acute toxicity testing revealed no anomalies associated with treatment in terms of biochemical, hematological and histopathology markers at the maximum dose of 1000 mg/kg /body weight.

the substance showed a favorable safety profile, with no acute and subacute toxicity or mortality at 2000 mg/kg and no treatment-related adverse effects at 1000 mg/kg/body weight/day in mice.