Oxidation-Retarded AgNWs/IZO Composite Electrodes for Highly Efficient and Stable Semitransparent Perovskite Solar...

Semitransparent perovskite solar cells require top electrodes that are transparent, conductive, and stable, yet bare AgNW networks suffer from high junction resistance and oxidation in air. Here, we combine spray-coated AgNWs with a sputtered indium zinc oxide overlayer on an ALD-SnO_x buffer layer to create an oxidation-retarded AgNWs/IZO composite electrode. By tuning AgNW coverage and IZO thickness, the electrode can be adjusted over a broad optoelectronic window, with an average near-infrared transmittance of 85.4-88.8%, a sheet resistance of 5-15 Ω/□, and a maximum figure of merit of 383.5. The IZO overlayer bridges nanowire junctions, smooths the surface, and retards air-induced degradation. As a result, haze is reduced to 1.53%, and resistance increases by less than 10% after 3 months in air. Using the optimized electrode, 1.68 eV semitransparent devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 18.4%, while 2T perovskite/TOPCon tandems reach 28.3% with T₉₀ ≥ 800 h.