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Carbazole-Pyranine-Derived Polymeric Network Integrated Electrochemical Immunosensor for Prostate-Specific Antigen
Büşra Elmastaş1, Ahmet Şenocak1
1Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Kocaeli 41400, Türkiye.
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|June 12, 2026
Summary
A novel electrochemical immunosensor utilizing carbazole pyranine and multiwalled carbon nanotubes was developed for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection. This sensor offers high sensitivity and selectivity for early prostate cancer diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a crucial biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis and management.
- Accurate and sensitive detection of PSA is essential for effective treatment strategies.
- Existing detection methods may require improvement in sensitivity, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel electrochemical immunosensor for sensitive and selective PSA detection.
- To utilize a hybrid material of carbazole pyranine (CP) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for enhanced sensor performance.
- To validate the immunosensor's efficacy in analyzing human blood serum samples.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of a CP@MWCNT hybrid material via oxidative polymerization.
- Functionalization of pyranine with 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)aniline for enhanced antibody immobilization.
- Development of an electrochemical immunosensor by drop-casting CP@MWCNT/chitosan onto glassy carbon electrodes.
- Characterization using FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, SEM, and TEM; performance evaluation via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).
Main Results:
- The CP@MWCNT hybrid material exhibited favorable thermal stability and surface morphology.
- The electrochemical immunosensor demonstrated a wide linear range (0.0001-1 ng/mL) for PSA detection.
- Achieved very low limits of detection (LOD) of 0.12 pg/mL and quantification (LOQ) of 0.36 pg/mL.
- Exhibited excellent selectivity, reproducibility (RSD 0.93%), and long-term stability.
- Validated for commercial blood serum analysis with high accuracy and reliability compared to ELISA kits.
Conclusions:
- The developed electrochemical immunosensor based on CP@MWCNT hybrid material shows significant promise for sensitive and selective PSA detection.
- This novel sensor offers a viable alternative for early prostate cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
- The sensor's performance in real blood serum samples highlights its potential for clinical application.
