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Preparation of Plasma Membrane Vesicles from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Potential Cytoplasm Replacement Therapy
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Stem Cell and Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Potential and Mechanistic Insights in Anti-Aging

Jinfeng Liu1, Dong Li1, Shuxing Wu2

  • 1School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
|June 12, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) show promise for combating aging and age-related diseases by offering regenerative benefits with reduced risks compared to direct cell therapy. Further research is needed for clinical translation.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Aging involves interconnected molecular and cellular processes like senescence and inflammation, increasing chronic disease risk.
  • Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have therapeutic potential but face clinical limitations such as immunogenicity and tumorigenicity.
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from PSCs (PSC-EVs) offer a safer alternative, potentially delivering regenerative benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological characteristics of stem cells and their EVs.
  • To outline the mechanisms by which EVs influence aging hallmarks.
  • To assess current preclinical and clinical evidence for stem cell and EV interventions in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on stem cells, EVs, and aging.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying EV-mediated rejuvenation.
  • Evaluation of preclinical and early clinical data on therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Stem cells and their derived EVs possess regenerative and modulatory properties beneficial for aging.
  • EVs from young or stem-like cells demonstrate rejuvenating effects across various tissues and molecular pathways.
  • Preclinical and early clinical studies show potential for stem cell and EV therapies in age-related conditions.

Conclusions:

  • PSC-EVs represent a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for aging and related diseases.
  • Optimization of EV production, standardization of characterization, and rigorous safety/efficacy testing are crucial for clinical translation.
  • Further research is essential to establish PSC-EVs as viable therapies for mitigating aging and its associated pathologies.
Keywords:
AgingEmbryonic stem cellExtracellular vesiclesPluripotent stem cellsRejuvenation

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