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Patterns of Social Risk Factors and Associations With Health Outcomes: Findings From a Latent Class Analysis
Nicole Pereira1, Beth A Glenn1,2, Adam Schickedanz1,3
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Summary
Understanding clustered social risks is key for effective health strategies. High financial, food, and housing insecurity significantly increases the likelihood of poor self-reported health.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Social Epidemiology
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Growing recognition of social determinants of health.
- Current strategies often address social risks in isolation.
- Need for integrated approaches to understand clustered social risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify profiles of co-occurring social risk factors.
- To examine the relationship between these profiles and self-reported health.
- To inform targeted population health strategies.
Main Methods:
- Latent class analysis (LCA) applied to a national sample.
- Sample size: 110,028 adults across 17 U.S. states.
- Analysis of health conditions and self-reported health (SRH) by social risk profile.
Main Results:
- Three distinct social risk profiles identified: Low Social Risk, Moderate Financial Strain with Food Insecurity, and High Financial Strain with Food and Housing Insecurity.
- The High Financial Strain profile showed elevated rates of depression, obesity, and hypertension.
- High Financial Strain profile had significantly higher odds of poor/fair SRH (OR = 3.1).
- Moderate Financial Strain profile also showed increased odds of poor SRH (OR = 2.03).
Conclusions:
- Social risks frequently cluster, necessitating a nuanced understanding.
- Identifying distinct social risk profiles can guide tailored interventions.
- Addressing clustered social risks is crucial for improving population health outcomes.
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