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"OCT based retinal changes in amblyopia: A systematic review".

Chiranjib Majumder1, Safinaz Md Khialdin2, Sheyva Sigamoney3

  • 1Optometry & Vision Science Program, FSK, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.

Journal of Optometry
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) show retinal thickening and reduced vascular density in anisometropic amblyopia. Conventional therapy yields modest structural changes in amblyopic eyes.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Amblyopia, or 'lazy eye', is a developmental disorder affecting visual acuity.
  • Conventional amblyopia therapy aims to improve visual function.
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) are advanced imaging techniques for visualizing ocular structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence on retinal, choroidal, and microvascular changes in amblyopic eyes using OCT/OCTA.
  • To evaluate the impact of conventional therapy on these detected alterations.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of major databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL).
  • Inclusion of cross-sectional and longitudinal human studies comparing OCT/OCTA parameters in amblyopic vs. control eyes.
Keywords:
AmblyopiaAnisometropiaChoroidChoroidal thicknessMacular thicknessMicrovascular densityOCT-AngiographyOptical coherence tomographyRetinal nerve fibre layerStrabismus

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  • Qualitative narrative synthesis due to study heterogeneity, stratified by amblyopia subtype and treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • Anisometropic amblyopia showed increased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and central macular thickness.
    • Strabismic amblyopia findings were inconsistent.
    • OCTA revealed reduced superficial capillary plexus density in untreated amblyopic eyes.
    • Therapy led to modest structural improvements and potential early microvascular changes.

    Conclusions:

    • OCT/OCTA consistently detect retinal thickening and superficial vascular reduction in anisometropic amblyopia.
    • Other amblyopia types show minimal OCT/OCTA changes.
    • Further standardized, axial length-corrected longitudinal studies are required to establish causality and prognostic value.