[Demographic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of a French thyroid eye disease cohort]

To study the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of a cohort of French patients with thyroid eye disease (TED).

We conducted a retrospective, single-center study over a 4-year period, including all patients referred to our tertiary referral center for TED. Patients without TED or with incomplete data were excluded.

A total of 100 patients were included (77% women), with a mean age of 43.5years (range: 25 to 90years). Among them, 47% were smokers, 16% had a personal history of autoimmune diseases, and 24% had a family history of autoimmune conditions. One-third of the patients were euthyroid at the time of consultation, and one-third had undergone radical thyroid treatment. The most common symptoms were upper eyelid retraction (48%) and exophthalmos (42%). In our cohort, 5% of patients had associated myasthenia, most often presenting with ptosis. Among these, 80% had pure ocular myasthenia. An active form (CAS≥3) was found in 15% of the patients, primarily treated with corticosteroid boluses. Six patients had severe forms with optic neuropathy, requiring medical and surgical management in the majority of cases. Approximately half of the patients underwent surgical management (orbital decompression, strabismus surgery, eyelid surgery), either alone or sequentially.

TED is a condition predominantly affecting women, typically presenting with upper eyelid retraction and/or exophthalmos. Approximately 5% of patients have associated myasthenia and compressive optic neuropathy. An active/inflammatory form is present in 15% of patients.