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Electronic Layer Decoupling Driven by Density-Wave Order in La_{4}Ni_{3}O_{10}.

Ziqiang Guan¹, Sophia F R TenHuisen^1,2, M Tepie¹

¹Harvard University, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|June 12, 2026

Summary

Researchers studied the density-wave transition in trilayer nickelate La_{4}Ni_{3}O_{10}. They found a significant increase in electronic anisotropy, suggesting a spin-density-wave mechanism drives layer decoupling and a density-wave instability.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Spectroscopy

Background:

Trilayer nickelates exhibit complex electronic properties.
Understanding density-wave transitions is crucial for novel electronic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the density-wave transition in La_{4}Ni_{3}O_{10}.
To elucidate the role of electronic anisotropy and layer decoupling.

Main Methods:

Polarization-resolved infrared spectroscopy was employed.
Low-energy electrodynamics and conductivity were analyzed.

Main Results:

Strong anisotropy was observed: metallic in-plane and insulating out-of-plane.
Out-of-plane conductivity was sharply suppressed in the ordered phase, increasing anisotropy.
Shifting and splitting of out-of-plane phonons were detected.

Conclusions:

A spin-density-wave mechanism likely drives electronic decoupling of Ni-O layers.
The observed phenomena are consistent with an electronic-origin density-wave instability.