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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...

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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Published on: September 5, 2019

Quantum-Enhanced Sensing Enabled by Scrambling-Induced Genuine Multipartite Entanglement.

Guantian Hu1,2, Wenxuan Zhang2,3, Zhihua Chen4

  • 1Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing 210093, China.

Physical Review Letters
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate a new quantum sensing method using information scrambling. This approach enhances phase sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit, offering a scalable path for quantum-enhanced sensing in complex systems.

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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Quantum information science
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Quantum sensing utilizes quantum phenomena to exceed classical measurement limits.
  • Existing methods often require complex entangled states and Hamiltonian engineering, limiting scalability.
  • Information scrambling offers a novel approach to quantum-enhanced sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally implement and validate a universal butterfly metrology protocol.
  • To demonstrate quantum-enhanced phase sensitivity using information scrambling.
  • To explore the connection between scrambling dynamics and entanglement in enhancing sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental implementation on a superconducting quantum processor.
  • Utilizing many-body information scrambling via a universal butterfly metrology protocol.
  • Measuring out-of-time-order correlators to analyze scrambling dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Observed quantum-enhanced phase sensitivity surpassing the standard quantum limit.
  • Achieved scaling close to the Heisenberg limit for systems up to 10 qubits.
  • Established an experimental link between enhanced sensitivity and out-of-time-order correlator dynamics.
  • Demonstrated that scrambling-induced genuine multipartite entanglement drives the sensitivity enhancement.

Conclusions:

  • The butterfly metrology protocol provides a scalable approach for quantum-enhanced sensing.
  • Information scrambling and multipartite entanglement are key resources for improving sensor precision.
  • This work paves the way for practical quantum-enhanced sensing in interacting many-body systems.