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Related Concept Videos

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...
IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
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IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

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In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in the 3500–3100 cm−1 range. Even though both O−H and N−H bonds vibrate at a similar...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...

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High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis
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Published on: December 22, 2015

Terahertz-Assisted Multiband High-Harmonic Spectroscopy.

Sha Li1, Lun Yue1,2, Yaguo Tang1

  • 1The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers achieved polarization control of high-harmonic generation (HHG) using combined mid-infrared and terahertz fields. This breakthrough enables advanced crystal-momentum-resolved spectroscopy and deeper understanding of electron-hole dynamics in materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Optics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • High-harmonic generation (HHG) is a crucial nonlinear optical process for frequency upconversion.
  • Current HHG applications are limited in spectroscopic scope and polarization control.
  • Ultrafast spectroscopy relies on precise control of light-matter interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To expand the spectroscopic capabilities of high-harmonic generation.
  • To demonstrate polarization manipulation of harmonic light in dielectric materials.
  • To enable crystal-momentum-resolved spectroscopy across different electronic bands.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a two-color field configuration combining mid-infrared (MIR) and terahertz (THz) laser drivers.
  • Varied the relative polarization axes of the MIR and THz fields.
  • Employed first-principles theory and semiclassical analysis for theoretical support.

Main Results:

  • Achieved tunable polarization (linear or elliptical) of emitted harmonics by adjusting field polarization.
  • Demonstrated crystal-momentum-resolved dipole-vector spectroscopy across different material bands.
  • Identified harmonic emission originating from electron-hole pairs beyond the minimum band gap.
  • Traced the origin of elliptically polarized harmonics to phase and amplitude imbalances in electron-hole trajectories.

Conclusions:

  • The developed approach significantly broadens the spectroscopic scope of HHG.
  • Provides a deeper microscopic understanding of HHG mechanisms, including electron-hole dynamics.
  • Paves the way for advanced control over the polarization of HHG light for future applications.