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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...
Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
Chirality02:25

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
08:51

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

Exploring Chiral Exceptional Lines in the Visible Regime.

Jingyi Zhao1,2, Xinhao Wang2, Wenzhe Liu1,2,3

  • 1Fudan University, Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Songhu Rd., Yangpu Dist., Shanghai 200438, China.

Physical Review Letters
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers observed chiral exceptional lines in visible light using a photonic crystal. This breakthrough simplifies creating parameter spaces for studying topological physics and developing new optical devices.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
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Published on: August 18, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Wave Physics
  • Topological Physics

Background:

  • Topological singular lines (nodal and exceptional lines) are crucial for wave physics and photonic control.
  • Observing these lines in the optical regime is challenging due to complex parameter space requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the first observation of chiral exceptional lines in the visible regime.
  • To utilize a simple photonic crystal's scattering matrix as a parameter space for topological studies.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a simple two-dimensional photonic crystal.
  • Utilized frequency and in-plane momenta as the parameter space.
  • Used high-precision momentum-space Mueller matrix spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Successfully observed chiral exceptional lines in the visible regime.
  • Mapped topological features: Riemann surfaces, phase vortices, and polarization half-vortices.
  • Demonstrated distinct responses to circular polarizations and topological robustness.

Conclusions:

  • Established a robust platform for non-Hermitian topological physics at visible frequencies.
  • Opened new avenues for chiral light-matter interactions, polarization-selective devices, and sensing.