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Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

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Dynamical Love Numbers for Black Holes and Beyond from Shell Effective Field Theory.

D Kosmopoulos¹, D Perrone², M Solon³

¹CERN, Department of Theoretical Physics, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters

|June 12, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a new effective field theory for compact bodies interacting with gravity. It simplifies calculations of gravitational perturbations and reveals a novel structure for scalar black-hole Love numbers.

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Area of Science:

Theoretical Physics
Gravitational Physics
Effective Field Theory

Background:

Calculating gravitational perturbations for compact bodies is complex.
Higher-order calculations are a significant hurdle in standard approaches.
Existing methods struggle with short-distance divergences.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel effective field theory for compact bodies coupled to gravity.
To simplify the calculation of gravitational perturbations by incorporating known black hole perturbation theory solutions.
To derive new results for scalar Love numbers and explore their structure.

Main Methods:

Constructing a novel effective field theory (EFT).
Modeling compact bodies as spherical shells to regulate divergences.
Describing tidal responses using higher-dimensional operators.
Applying the EFT to scalar perturbations for Schwarzschild black holes and generic compact bodies.

Main Results:

The EFT explicitly determines gravitational perturbation dynamics using known solutions.
New results for scalar Love numbers are derived up to O(G^9) for Schwarzschild black holes.
New results for scalar Love numbers are derived for generic compact bodies.
An intriguing structure of scalar black-hole Love numbers related to the Riemann zeta function was discovered.

Conclusions:

The developed EFT bypasses complex higher-order calculations.
The EFT provides a simplified framework for studying gravitational perturbations.
The discovered structure of scalar black-hole Love numbers suggests a deeper mathematical relationship.