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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

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Striatal visual responses increase prior to visuomotor learning.

Andrada-Maria Marica¹, Peter J Gorman¹, Andrew J Peters¹

¹Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.

Current Biology : CB

|June 12, 2026

Summary

Sensorimotor learning involves sequential plasticity in the cortex and basal ganglia. Visual information is first processed by the striatum, then routed to frontal motor circuits for learned behavior.

Keywords:

basal ganglia cortex electrophysiology learning mouse sensorimotor striatum visual processing widefield imaging

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Motor Learning

Background:

The cortex and basal ganglia show interconnected changes during learning.
The precise timing and sequence of neural plasticity across these structures remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the sequential or concurrent nature of neural plasticity in the cortex and basal ganglia during sensorimotor learning.
To elucidate the flow of information processing between these brain regions during task acquisition.

Main Methods:

Simultaneous electrophysiological recordings from the cortex and striatum in mice.
Training mice on a visuomotor association task requiring stimulus manipulation.
Analysis of neural activity patterns in response to visual cues and learned associations.

Main Results:

Increased context-independent visual responses were observed in the visual-recipient striatum before learned behavior.
Context-dependent stimulus responses emerged in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and mPFC-recipient striatum upon learning.
The mPFC and mPFC-recipient striatum shifted from target- to cue-stimulus responsiveness post-learning, while the visual-recipient striatum remained non-selective.

Conclusions:

Sensorimotor learning involves a sequential information flow, initially to the sensory striatum and subsequently to frontal motor circuits.
Distinct plasticity patterns in the striatum and mPFC contribute to the acquisition and execution of learned visuomotor associations.