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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...

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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Published on: September 26, 2014

Recent progress on disorder-induced topological phases.

Dan-Wei Zhang1,2,3, Ling-Zhi Tang3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disorders can induce topological states of matter, such as topological Anderson insulators (TAIs), even in systems lacking translation symmetry. This review covers theoretical and experimental advances in these disorder-induced topological phases.

Keywords:
disordered systemslocalizationmany-body interactionsnon-Hermitian systemstopological Anderson insulatortopological phasetopological pumping

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Topological Matter
  • Disordered Systems

Background:

  • Topological states of matter are robust against certain perturbations.
  • Disordered systems without translation symmetry present unique physical phenomena.
  • Topological phases can be induced by disorder from trivial phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review theoretical and experimental progress on disorder-induced topological phases.
  • To highlight topological Anderson insulators (TAIs) and their extensions.
  • To discuss disorder effects in dynamical and many-body systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical frameworks for disorder-induced topology.
  • Summary of experimental realizations of topological Anderson insulators.
  • Analysis of extensions in quasiperiodic, non-Hermitian, dynamical, and many-body systems.

Main Results:

  • Topological Anderson insulators (TAIs) are induced by random disorders.
  • Extensions include quasiperiodic, non-Hermitian, and dynamical systems.
  • Disordered correlated topological insulators and average-symmetry protected topological orders are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Disorder plays a crucial role in inducing and characterizing topological phases.
  • Significant theoretical and experimental progress has been made in understanding disorder-induced topology.
  • Future research directions in this field are identified.