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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Bulimia Nervosa01:30

Bulimia Nervosa

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Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Immune (dys)function in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Ana Maia1, Nelson Descalço2, Sara Fernandes3

  • 1Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Unidade Local de Saúde Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral inflammation is not a significant factor in adult obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This large study found minimal immune marker differences between OCD patients and controls, suggesting other factors may be involved in OCD pathophysiology.

Keywords:
AntibodiesImmunopsychiatryInflammationObsessive–compulsive disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Peripheral inflammation and immune dysfunction are hypothesized contributors to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) pathophysiology.
  • Previous research is limited by small sample sizes and inconsistent methodologies.
  • This study represents the largest investigation into peripheral immune markers in adult OCD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare a comprehensive panel of peripheral immune markers between adult OCD patients and healthy controls.
  • To investigate the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of OCD.
  • To clarify inconsistent findings in previous research.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 139 OCD patients and 131 healthy controls.
  • Assessed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 12 cytokines, and specific autoantibodies using ELISA.
  • Analyzed cytokine gene expression via RT-qPCR in a subsample.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in most immune markers between OCD patients and controls.
  • Higher IL-8 gene expression observed in OCD patients with comorbid depression.
  • Lower TGF-β concentration found in early-onset OCD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral immune markers show minimal differences in symptomatic, medicated adult OCD patients compared to controls.
  • Observed differences may be linked to comorbid depression or early onset of OCD.
  • Findings contrast with immune system involvement seen in mood and psychotic disorders.