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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Anorexia Nervosa01:28

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Social Defeat Stress Model for Adolescent C57BL/6 Male and Female Mice
07:15

Social Defeat Stress Model for Adolescent C57BL/6 Male and Female Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

Premenstrual Disorders in Adolescents: An Updated Review.

Ellen S Rome1, Destiny Kaznoch2, Veronica E Issac1

  • 1Center for Adolescent Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic Children's; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine.

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Premenstrual disorders (PMDs) like PMS and PMDD significantly impact young individuals. This review covers PMD definitions, diagnosis, causes, and treatments, advocating for better care and reduced stigma.

Keywords:
PMDDPMDsPMSPremenstrual disordersadolescentspremenstrual dysphoric disorderpremenstrual syndrome

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Social Defeat Stress Model for Adolescent C57BL/6 Male and Female Mice
07:15

Social Defeat Stress Model for Adolescent C57BL/6 Male and Female Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive health
  • Mental health
  • Adolescent medicine

Background:

  • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are common worldwide.
  • These conditions significantly affect emotional well-being, daily functioning, and family dynamics in adolescents and young adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of premenstrual disorders (PMDs).
  • To examine diagnostic tools, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management strategies for PMDs.
  • To highlight clinical approaches for improved recognition, education, and advocacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current definitions and diagnostic tools for PMDs.
  • Synthesis of epidemiological and pathophysiological data.
  • Review of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Validated retrospective and prospective diagnostic tools exist for PMDs.
  • Understanding of PMD epidemiology and pathophysiology is evolving.
  • Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management strategies are available.

Conclusions:

  • Effective recognition, patient education, and advocacy are crucial for advancing care.
  • Reducing stigma associated with PMDs is essential.
  • Comprehensive management strategies can improve outcomes for affected individuals.