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Sustainable functionalization of natural polysaccharides via multicomponent reactions: Designs, properties, and
1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper-based Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China.
Abstract:
The sustainable functionalization of natural polysaccharides is essential for expanding their advanced applications. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have emerged as efficient and environmentally friendly strategies for polysaccharide modification, offering high atom economy, modular functional-group installation, and operational simplicity. Although often considered green, the sustainability of MCR-based modification depends on the specific reaction system, including solvent choice, reagent hazards, and the targeted degree of substitution. In polysaccharide chemistry, MCRs can be conducted under homogeneous conditions with soluble derivatives or under heterogeneous conditions with insoluble substrates. These reactions enable the incorporation of diverse functional motifs, resulting in materials with tailored luminescence, UV shielding, antimicrobial and antiviral activity, amphiphilicity, hydrophobicity, enhanced water absorption, metal ion adsorption, and stimuli-responsiveness. This review summarizes recent advancements in the functionalization of natural polysaccharides through representative MCRs. The discussion focuses on reaction design principles, properties, and potential applications. Current challenges and future opportunities for polysaccharide functionalization via MCRs are also highlighted. We aim to offer insights for the development of advanced polysaccharide-based materials and to inspire innovative strategies for high-value utilization of natural polysaccharides.
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