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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
14:29

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

Preselection CD4+CD8+ thymocytes modulate TCR responsiveness following TCRβ selection.

Esther Jeong Yoon Kim1, Dominik A Aylard1, Zoë Steier2,3,4

  • 1Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T cell receptor (TCR) sensitivity decreases in preselection thymocytes, a process linked to gene expression changes. This modulation guides T cell development and prevents unwanted cell death during T cell selection.

Keywords:
T cellscell differentiationsignal transductionsingle-cell sequencingthymus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • T cell receptor (TCR) sensitivity modulation is crucial for T cell development.
  • Positive selection directs thymocytes into appropriate lineages while avoiding negative selection.
  • Preselection thymocytes were considered homogeneous, with TCR modulation uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate TCR sensitivity changes in preselection double-positive thymocytes.
  • To identify gene expression dynamics during T cell selection.
  • To understand the link between TCR modulation and T cell lineage commitment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression in preselection double-positive thymocytes.
  • Assessment of TCR responsiveness.
  • Correlation of gene expression with TCR signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Progressive gene expression changes observed in preselection thymocytes.
  • Gradual reduction in TCR responsiveness correlated with these changes.
  • Reduced upregulation of TCR target genes linked to CD4 lineage commitment.

Conclusions:

  • Preselection thymocytes are not homogeneous and undergo TCR modulation.
  • TCR sensitivity reduction is a progressive event during T cell selection.
  • These findings link TCR modulation to T cell lineage commitment and positive selection.