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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
06:48

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

Evaluating Coronavirus Stability: Insights From Raman Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis.

Ali Haneen Issmer1,2, Carolina Guerrero-Amelin3, Pedro Antonio Mateos-Gomez3

  • 1Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

Journal of Biophotonics
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis can rapidly assess coronavirus stability by detecting molecular changes under various storage and thermal conditions. This non-destructive method accurately differentiates virus types and environmental impacts.

Keywords:
HCoV‐229EHuh7(RRID:CVCL_B7TI)Raman spectroscopySIMCA (RRID:SCR_014688)coronavirusmultivariate analyses

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Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach

Published on: September 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
06:48

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
09:32

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach

Published on: September 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Virology
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Coronaviruses pose significant public health challenges.
  • Understanding viral stability is crucial for developing effective countermeasures.
  • Rapid and non-destructive methods for assessing viral stability are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the stability of human coronavirus HCoV-229E.
  • To probe molecular and structural changes under different storage and thermal conditions.
  • To assess the utility of Raman spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis for this purpose.

Main Methods:

  • Human coronavirus HCoV-229E (wild-type and GFP-tagged) were subjected to different storage temperatures (-20°C) and thermal treatments (37°C, 95°C).
  • Raman spectroscopy was employed to collect spectral data.
  • Multivariate analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), were used to analyze spectral variations.

Main Results:

  • Multivariate analyses successfully discriminated between virus types, concentrations, and environmental conditions.
  • Spectral variations correlated with molecular alterations induced by environmental stress.
  • OPLS-DA models showed high performance, with R²Y up to 97% and Q² up to 95%.

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis is a powerful tool for investigating coronavirus stability.
  • This approach allows for rapid, non-destructive assessment of molecular changes under varying conditions.
  • The findings have implications for viral characterization and stability studies.