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Updated: Jun 14, 2026
Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants
Published on: February 10, 2023
Controlled-release herbicide spheres: co-crystallization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with l-menthol via green
Xuzhao Zhang1, Lan Fang1, Haiting Wang1
1Information Science and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
Background:
Excessive pesticide soil leaching (>99% loss) poses a critical environmental challenge. This study aimed to develop carrier free, slow release herbicide particles by integrating crystal engineering and spherical particle technology.
Results:
A 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-l menthol cocrystal was synthesized solvent free into spherical particles (D50 = 100-600 μm). These cocrystal particles reduced solubility by 21.6%, decreased dissolution rate by >50%, and reduced soil leaching by up to 93%, eliminating the need for carriers and avoiding secondary pollution. The release mechanism was governed by a multiscale diffusion limited process: enhanced hydrogen bonding networks elevated lattice energy, while solution mediated recrystallization transformed nanofibrous microstructures into diffusion restricting lamellar domains. Kinetic modeling indicated a transition from Fickian to hindered diffusion. Biological validation demonstrated superior weed control efficacy against chicory and shepherd's purse.
Conclusion:
This integrated approach establishes a sustainable paradigm for precision agrochemical delivery by significantly reducing environmental leaching while maintaining high herbicidal activity. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
