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Researching retraction: Do we need more rules or more honesty?

David Mills¹, Sefika Mertkan²

¹Department of Education, University of Oxford.

Accountability in Research

|June 13, 2026

Summary

Social science meta-research requires critical accountability, not just biomedical standards. We advocate for rigor aligned with research questions, highlighting gaps in current retraction research.

Keywords:

Retraction accountability research integrity

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Area of Science:

Meta-research
Social Sciences
Research Integrity

Background:

Debate on applying biomedical research standards to social science meta-research.
Concerns about policing methodological expertise.

Purpose of the Study:

Advocate for critical accountability research in social sciences.
Promote methodological rigor aligned with research questions and design.
Highlight limitations in the current body of research on retractions.

Main Methods:

Systematic topographical review of research on retractions.
Analysis of existing quantitative and qualitative studies.
Identification of research gaps concerning journal and publisher behavior in retractions.

Main Results:

Existing retraction research is predominantly quantitative.
Few studies utilize interview-based methods.
Insufficient exploration of the socio-political and economic factors influencing retraction delays.

Conclusions:

Current meta-research standards may not be universally applicable across disciplines.
Critical accountability research is needed to enhance methodological rigor in social sciences.
Further investigation into the politics, economics, and sociology of research integrity is essential.