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Updated: Jun 14, 2026
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A Data-Driven Approach to Quantifying Immune States in Sepsis
Published on: February 7, 2025
Lactate-Associated Gene Signatures as Predictors: A Comprehensive Analysis of Immune Profiles in Sepsis
Lei Yan1, Yi Han1, Chaoyang Tong1
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine
|June 13, 2026
Summary
LYRM4 and MDC1 show promise as biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis. These genes influence immune cell responses and may help differentiate sepsis patients from healthy individuals.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Genetics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Sepsis involves a dysregulated immune response to infection.
- Lactylation modifications and elevated lactic acid may alter gene expression and immune cell infiltration in sepsis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify sepsis-related differentially expressed lactylation-related genes (Sepsis-DELRGs).
- To investigate the causal relationship and predictive potential of Sepsis-DELRGs in sepsis.
- To explore the association between Sepsis-DELRGs and immune cell infiltration.
Main Methods:
- RNA-sequencing data from GEO datasets were analyzed.
- Differential expression analysis and integration with lactylation-related genes identified Sepsis-DELRGs.
- Mendelian randomization, machine learning, and immune infiltration analyses were performed.
Main Results:
- 1356 differentially expressed genes and 138 Sepsis-DELRGs were identified.
- LYRM4 and MDC1 were identified as protective factors against sepsis.
- LYRM4 and MDC1 expression was low in CD8+ T cells of sepsis patients and showed strong predictive power.
Conclusions:
- LYRM4 and MDC1 are potential biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis.
- These genes are linked to inflammatory cell population changes in sepsis.
- LYRM4 and MDC1 influence CD8+ T cells, activated mast cells, and neutrophils.
