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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...

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Metabolic Profiling Identifies Infertile Men at Risk of Accelerated Aging: Implications for Systemic and Reproductive

Edoardo Pozzi1,2, Fausto Negri1,2, Massimiliano Raffo1,2

  • 1Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.

Andrology
|June 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new immuno-metabolic score combining LDL cholesterol, waist circumference, and CRP effectively identifies men with male factor infertility (MFI) who also have systemic health issues and reduced reproductive capacity.

Keywords:
comorbidityimmuno‐metabolic scoreinflammationmale infertility

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Male infertility (MFI) is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition linked to long-term health risks.
  • Clinically applicable frameworks connecting reproductive dysfunction with comorbidity burden are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a composite immuno-metabolic signature can identify comorbidity burden and reduced reproductive capacity in men with primary MFI.
  • To establish a link between male infertility and broader immuno-metabolic vulnerability.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional cohort of 2953 men was analyzed.
  • Metabolic and inflammatory variables were screened for associations with comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥1) and impaired reproductive capacity (total motile sperm count <5 million).
  • LDL cholesterol, waist circumference, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were integrated into a standardized score.

Main Results:

  • Higher immuno-metabolic scores were significantly associated with both comorbidity burden (p < 0.001) and reduced reproductive capacity (p < 0.001).
  • Each unit increase in the score independently predicted increased odds of comorbidity (OR 1.50) and reduced reproductive capacity (OR 1.67).
  • Predicted probabilities showed a marked increase in comorbidity (2% to 40%) and reduced reproductive capacity (12% to 75%) across the score range.

Conclusions:

  • A biologically coherent immuno-metabolic signature links spermatogenic impairment with systemic comorbidity in men with primary MFI.
  • This supports a model where male infertility reflects broader immuno-metabolic vulnerability.
  • Prospective external validation is recommended before clinical implementation.